How does a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) respond to an imbalance?

A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is designed to protect people from electrical shock by monitoring the current flow in a circuit. It continuously checks for any imbalances between the outgoing current and the returning current. When it detects an imbalance, which may indicate that current is leaking to the ground (for instance, through a person who is accidentally grounded), it responds by tripping the circuit. This rapid disconnection prevents potential electric shock or fire hazards.

The ability of the GFCI to quickly detect these imbalances and interrupt the circuit is what makes it an essential safety device in areas where water and electricity may come into contact, such as bathrooms or kitchens. The effectiveness of a GFCI in enhancing electrical safety is directly linked to its response mechanism of tripping the circuit upon sensing an imbalance.